Flageolet (France)

A flageolet is a woodwind musical instrument and a member of the fipple flute family. Its invention is ascribed to the 16th century Sieur Juvigny in 1581. It had 4 holes on the front and 2 on the back. The English instrument maker William Bainbridge developed it further and patented the "improved English flageolet" in 1803 as well as the double flageolet around 1805. They were continued to be made until the 20th century when it was succeeded by the tin whistle.

Flageolets have varied greatly during the last 400 years. The first flageolets were called "French flageolets", and have four tone-holes on the front and two on the back. This instrument was played by Frédéric Chalon and Samuel Pepys, and Henry Purcell and George Frideric Handel both wrote pieces for it.

Small versions of this instrument, called bird flageolets were also made and were used for teaching birds to sing.

The number of keys on French flageolets range from none to seven, the exception being the Boehm system French flageolet made by Buffet crampon which had thirteen keys.

In the late 18th and early 19th century certain English instrument makers started to make flageolets with six finger-holes on the front. These instruments are called "English flageolets" and were eventually produced in metal as tin whistles.[citation needed] The keys range between none and six. Some were produced with changeable top joints which allowed the flageolet to be played as a flute or fife.

An English maker, William Bainbridge, in around 1810 patented a double flageolet which consisted of two English flageolets joined together so that the player could harmonise the tunes that he played. He also produced a triple flageolet which added a third, drone pipe which was fingered in a similar way to an ocarina.

Flabiol

The flabiol, (also known as flaviol, flubiol or fabirol), is a woodwind musical instrument of the family known as fipple flutes. It is one of the 12 instruments of the cobla. The flabiol measures about 25 centimeters in length and has five or six holes on its front face and three underneath.

The Poker House

Opens: 07/17/2009

An ordinary day in young Agnes' life is anything but. With a strung-out mother, a pimp father and a home overrun by gamblers, thieves and johns, Agnes is simply trying to survive, along with her two younger sisters.

500 Days of Summer

(500) Days of Summer is an upcoming 2009 American romantic comedy film. It is directed by Marc Webb, produced by Mark Waters, and stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Zooey Deschanel. This is Gordon-Levitt and Deschanel's second movie together (following Manic). Principal photography began in April 2008 in Los Angeles, California. The film is scheduled by Fox Searchlight Pictures for limited release on July 17, 2009. Its full release in Australia will be on October 1, 2009.

All the Boys Love Mandy Lane

All the Boys Love Mandy Lane is a 2006 American horror/thriller film, although it has also been described as a slasher film.Originally finished in 2006, the film premiered at a number of film festivals throughout 2006 and 2007. Notable premieres include Toronto Film Festival, Sitges Film Festival, South by Southwest Film Festival, and London FrightFest Film Festival. It received a theatrical release in the UK on February 15, 2008 and currently, it is set to come out on July 17, 2009 in the US.

Somers Town

The film is a black-and-white study of a social environment in London. It was originally conceived as a short film which began as a nine or ten-minute concept, with just a handful of pages, but they quickly realised it was growing into something larger. Meadows deliberately avoided pinning a set length to it.

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

LONDON, June 22 /PRNewswire/ --

On Sunday 1st July and Sunday 8th July

The makers of Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince (HP6) will be having two open casting days for two key roles in the next film.

Where: Earls Court Exhibition Centre

When: Applications from 10.00am - The Queue will close at 1.00pm

Who: See descriptions below

LAVENDER BROWN - Casting 1st July

Lavender is in the same year as Harry, Ron and Hermione at Hogwarts. We are looking for someone between 15-18yrs to play her.

Brass Instrument

A brass instrument is a musical instrument whose tone is produced by vibration of the lips as the player blows into a tubular resonator. They are also called labrosones, literally meaning "lip-vibrated instruments" (Baines, 1993).

There are two factors in changing the pitch on a valved brass instrument: pressing the valves to change the length of the tubing, and changing the player's lip aperture or "embouchure", which determines the frequency of the vibration into the instrument.

The view of most scholars (see organology) is that the term "brass instrument" should be defined by the way the sound is made, as above, and not by whether the instrument is actually made of brass. Thus, as exceptional cases one finds brass instruments made of wood like the alphorn, the cornett, and the serpent, while some woodwind instruments are made of brass, like the saxophone.

Bansuri

The bansuri (Hindi: बांसुरी);is a transverse alto flute of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal, made of a single length of bamboo with six or seven open finger holes. An ancient musical instrument associated with cowherds and the pastoral tradition, it is intimately linked to the love story of Krishna and Radha, and is depicted in Buddhist paintings from around 100 AD. It is intimately associated with Krishna's Rasa lila; the tunes on his flute are poetically associated with driving the women of Braj mad. The North Indian bansuri, typically about 14 inches long, was traditionally used as a soprano instrument primarily for accompaniment in lighter compositions including film music.

Bagpipes

Bagpipes are a class of musical instrument, aerophones using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. Though the Scottish Great Highland Bagpipe and Irish uilleann pipes have the greatest international visibility, bagpipes have historically been found throughout Europe, Northern Africa, the Persian Gulf, and the Caucasus.

The term is equally correct in the singular or plural, although in the English language, pipers most commonly talk of "pipes."

Drum

The drum is a member of the percussion group of music instruments, technically classified as a membranophone.Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drum skin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with parts of a player's body, or with some sort of implement such as a drumstick, to produce sound. Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound, such as the "Thumb roll". Drums are the world's oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments, and the basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years. Most drums are considered "untuned instruments", however many modern musicians are beginning to tune drums to songs; Terry Bozzio has constructed a kit using diatonic and chromatically tuned drums. A few such as timpani are always tuned to a certain pitch. Often, several drums are arranged together to create a drum kit that can be played by one musician with all four limbs.

Duduk

The duduk (Armenian pronunciation: [duˈduk]) is a traditional woodwind instrument of Armenian origins, used famously in the 2000 movie Gladiator. This English word is often used generically for a family of ethnic instruments including the doudouk or duduk (դուդուկ) (previously dziranapogh (ծիրանափող, literally "apricot horn") in Armenian, the düdük or mey in Turkey, the duduki in Georgia, the balaban in Azerbaijan, the narmeh-ney in Iran, the duduka or dudka in Russia and Ukraine, duduk in Macedonia and Serbia, and the douduk in Bulgaria. The English word has been asserted as derived from the Russian word "dudka", or from the Turkish word "düdük".

Electronic

An electronic musical instrument is a musical instrument that produces its sounds using electronics. Such an instrument sounds by outputting an electrical audio signal that ultimately drives a loudspeaker.

An electronic instrument may include a user interface for controlling its sound, often by adjusting the pitch, frequency, or duration of each note. However, it is increasingly common for the user interface and sound-generating functions to be separated into a music controller (input device) and a music synthesizer, respectively, with the two devices communicating through a musical performance description language such as MIDI or OSC.

All electronic musical instruments can be viewed as a subset of audio signal processing applications. Simple electronic musical instruments are sometimes called sound effects; the border between sound effects and actual musical instruments is often hazy.

French composer and engineer Edgard Varèse created a variety of compositions using electronic horns, whistles, and tape. Most notably, he wrote Poème Électronique for the Phillips pavilion at the Brussels World Fair in 1958.

Electronic musical instruments are now widely used in most styles of music. The development of new electronic musical instruments, controllers, and synthesizers continues to be a highly active and interdisciplinary field of research. Specialized conferences, notably the International Conference on New interfaces for musical expression, have organized to report cutting edge work, as well as to provide a showcase for artists who perform or create music with new electronic music instruments, controllers, and synthesizers.

Fife

Fife (Scots: Cooncil o Fife, Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Fìobha) is a council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland boundaries to Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire. It was originally one of the Pictish kingdoms, known as Fib, and is still commonly known as the Kingdom of Fife within Scotland.

It is a lieutenancy area, and was a county of Scotland until 1975. It was very occasionally known by the anglification Fifeshire in old documents and maps compiled by English cartographers and authors. A person from Fife is known as a Fifer.

Fife was a local government region divided into three districts – Dunfermline, Kirkcaldy and North-East Fife. Since 1996 the functions of the district councils have been exercised by the unitary Fife Council.

Fife is Scotland's third largest local authority area by population. It has a resident population of just under 360,000, almost a third of whom live in the three principal towns of Dunfermline, Kirkcaldy and Glenrothes. Kirkcaldy has Fife's largest population (48,108 in 2006).

The historical town of St Andrews is located on the east coast of Fife. It is well known for one of the most ancient universities in Europe, and as the home of golf.

Free reed

A free reed aerophone is a musical instrument where sound is produced as air flows past a vibrating reed in a frame. Air pressure is typically generated by breath or with a bellows.The following illustrations depict the type of reed typical of harmonicas, pitch pipes, accordions and reed organs as it goes through a cycle of vibration. One side of the reed frame is omitted from the images for clarity; in actuality, the frame surrounds the reed on four. Airflow over one side of the reed creates an area of low pressure on that side (see the Bernoulli's principle article for details), causing the reed to flex towards the low-pressure side. The reed frame is constructed so that the flexing of the reed obstructs the airflow, which reduces or eliminates the low pressure area and allows the reed to flex back. to flex back.

Free reed aerophone

A free reed aerophone is a musical instrument where sound is produced as air flows past a vibrating reed in a frame. Air pressure is typically generated by breath or with a bellows.The following illustrations depict the type of reed typical of harmonicas, pitch pipes, accordions and reed organs as it goes through a cycle of vibration. One side of the reed frame is omitted from the images for clarity; in actuality, the frame surrounds the reed on four. Airflow over one side of the reed creates an area of low pressure on that side,causing the reed to flex towards the low-pressure side. The reed frame is constructed so that the flexing of the reed obstructs the airflow, which reduces or eliminates the low pressure area and allows the reed to flex back. to flex back.

Percussion

A percussion instrument is any object which produces a sound by being hit with an implement, shaken, rubbed, scraped, or by any other action which sets the object into vibration. The term usually applies to an object used in a rhythmic context or with musical intent.Percussion instruments are classified by various criteria sometimes depending on their construction, ethnic origin, function within musical theory and orchestration, or their relative prevalence in common knowledge.

Percussion instruments are sometimes classified as being "pitched" or "unpitched." While valid, this classification is widely seen as inadequate. Rather, it may be more informative to describe percussion instruments in regards to one or more of the following four paradigms:

Single reed

A single-reed instrument is a woodwind instrument that uses only one reed to produce sound. Examples include clarinets, saxophones, and some bagpipes. In a single-reed instrument, the reed is attached to a mouthpiece that is blown into to vibrate the reed, producing the sound. By contrast, in a double reed instrument, there is no mouthpiece; the two parts of the reed vibrate against one another. Examples include the oboe and the bassoon.

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String musical instrument

A string instrument (or stringed instrument) is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. In the Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification, used in organology, they are called chordophones. The most common string instruments in the string family are violin, cello, viola, double bass, mandolin, banjo, guitar, and harp.

Voice

The human voice consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal folds for talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, etc. Human voice is specifically that part of human sound production in which the vocal folds (vocal cords) are the primary sound source. Generally speaking, the mechanism for generating the human voice can be subdivided into three parts; the lungs, the vocal folds within the larynx, and the articulators. The lung (the pump) must produce adequate airflow and air pressure to vibrate vocal folds (this air pressure is the fuel of the voice). The vocal folds (vocal cords) are a vibrating valve that chops up the airflow from the lungs into audible pulses that form the laryngeal sound source. The muscles of the larynx adjust the length and tension of the vocal folds to ‘fine tune’ pitch and tone. The articulators (the parts of the vocal tract above the larynx consisting of tongue, palate, cheek, lips, etc.) articulate and filter the sound emanating from the larynx and to some degree can interact with the laryngeal airflow to strengthen it or weaken it as a sound source.

The vocal folds, in combination with the articulators, are capable of producing highly intricate arrays of sound.The tone of voice may be modulated to suggest emotions such as anger, surprise, or happiness. Singers use the human voice as an instrument for creating music.

Wallpaper

Wallpaper is a kind of material used to cover and decorate the interior walls of homes, offices, and other buildings; it is one aspect of interior decoration. They are usually sold in rolls and are put onto a wall using wallpaper paste. Wallpapers can come either plain (so that it can be painted), or with patterned graphics.Wallpaper printing techniques include surface printing, gravure printing, silk screen-printing, and rotary printing. Mathematically speaking, there are seventeen basic patterns, described as wallpaper groups, that can be used to tile an infinite plane. All manufactured wallpaper patterns are based on these groups. A single pattern can be issued in several different colorways.

Vp8

VP8 is the latest video codec from On2 Technologies meant to replace its predecessor VP.

Vvf

VVF, or, the Vegetarian' and Vegan Foundation, founded by Juliet Gellatley (along with Viva!), is a UK-based vegetarian and vegan campaigning charity along with an animal-rights based organization which promotes vegetarianism and veganism and an alternative healthy diet to meat - plant based. It also portrays factory farming as being cruel, environmentally damaging, and unhealthy and campaigns against it. Notable supporters include Sir Paul McCartney. VVF also publish a quarterly journal entitled VeggieHealth, which includes recent research and campaign information as well as recipes and much more.

Vob

For Versioned Object Bases, see Rational ClearCase. For Voice over Broadband (VoB), see Voice over Internet Protocol.A VOB file (Video Object) is a container format in DVD-Video media. VOB is based on MPEG-2 program stream format, but with additional limitations and specifications in the private streams. It contains the actual Video, Audio, Subtitle, and Menu contents in stream form.Other DVD files include IFO anA player of generic MPEG-2 files can play VOB files.ALLPlayer, MPlayer, VLC media player, Media Player Classic and more platform-specific players play VOB files.d BUP files.

Vp6

TrueMotion VP6 is a video codec developed by On2 Technologies as a successor to earlier efforts such as VP3 and VP5. The VP6 codec has been used in products for broadcasting in the field, such as with BBC reporters and QuickLink software. This codec is used by Adobe Flash and Flash Video files.In November 2003, On2 announced that VP6 had been chosen as a codec for China's Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD), a competitor format to DVD. Beijing-based company E-World was to be the exclusive reseller of the EVD VP6 technology in China, with On2 Technologies earning royalty payments of about $2 USD per player. Then in April 2004 On2 announced that negotiations with E-World had broken down and that On2 would file multiple breach of contract claims against E-World in arbitration proceedings. In March 2005, On2 announced that the arbitrator had dismissed all of On2's claims and had decided that E-World owed nothing to On2. Although E-World included VP6 to its EVD standardization proposal to the Chinese government, it is not clear what, if any, action was then taken by the government. The EVD format initiative appears to be indefinitely stalled.In January 2005, On2 announced a new VP7 codec with better compression capabilities than VP6.In August 2005, Macromedia announced they had selected VP6 as the flagship new codec for video playback in the new Flash Player 8.As of September 2006, an open-source implementation of the decoder is part of the libavcodec project, though producing or dealing with VP6 video streams inside libavcodec/libavformat seems to be discouraged and/or refused due to clashes between the ffmpeg's developers and On2 technologies by a claim of Intellectual Property and Trade Secrets Infringement made by the corporation itself.

Vp7

TrueMotion VP7 is a video codec developed by On2 Technologies as a successor to earlier efforts such as VP3, VP5 and TrueMotion VP6. It is a codec with both VFW and DirectShow support that On2 Technologies claims has better compression than leading competitive codecs such as MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) and VC-1.[citation needed] However, it should be noted that the objective measurements used by On2 Technologies do not correlate perfectly with subjective quality measurements.In December 2005, Skype announced that they had selected the VP7 codec for point-to-point video conferencing.Move Networks is also using the VP7 codec in its Move Media Player plugin for Firefox and Internet Explorer, currently used by ABC and Fox for its streaming of full network shows.

Vc-1

VC-1 is the informal name of the SMPTE 421M video codec standard initially developed by Microsoft. It was released on April 3, 2006 by SMPTE. It is now a supported standard for HD DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, and Windows Media Video 9.VC-1 is an evolution of the conventional DCT-based video codec design also found in H.261, H.263, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 Part 2, and AVS. It is widely characterized as an alternative to the latest ITU-T and MPEG video codec standard known as H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. VC-1 contains coding tools for interlaced video sequences as well as progressive encoding. The main goal of VC-1 development and standardization is to support the compression of interlaced content without first converting it to progressive, making it more attractive to broadcast and video industry professionals.Although widely considered to be Microsoft’s product, there are actually fifteen companies in the VC-1 patent pool (as of August 17, 2006). As an SMPTE standard, VC-1 is open to implementation by anyone, although implementers are hypothetically required to pay licensing fees to the MPEG LA, LLC licensing body or directly to its members, who claim to hold essential patents on the format (since it is a non-exclusive licensing body).Both HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc have adopted VC-1 as a video standard, meaning their video playback devices will be capable of decoding and playing video-content compressed using VC-1. Windows Vista partially supports HD DVD playback by including the VC-1 decoder and some related components needed for playback of VC-1 encoded HD DVD movies.Microsoft has designated VC-1 as the Xbox 360 video game console’s official video codec, and game developers may use VC-1 for full motion video included with games. By means of an October 31, 2006 update, people can now play all formats of Windows Media Video on the Xbox 360 from a disc, USB storage device, or streaming from their PC via Windows Media Connect/Windows Media Player 11. This allows anyone to play VC-1 encoded files on the console.The FFmpeg project includes a free VC-1 decoder.

Sheer

Sheer Music is a South African record label that focuses primarily on club, dance and trance tracks, and is one of the biggest distributors of dance music in South Africa. Sheer Music (also known as SheerDance) represents local and aspiring DJs and artists, often through collaboration with local radio stations such as 5FM.

Theora

Theora is an open and royalty-free lossy video compression technology being developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation as part of their Ogg project. Based upon On2 Technologies' VP3 codec, Theora competes with MPEG-4, WMV, and similar low-bitrate video compression schemes.Theora is named for Theora Jones, Edison Carter's Controller on the Max Headroom television program.

Real audio

RealAudio is a proprietary audio format developed by RealNetworks. It uses a variety of audio codecs, ranging from low-bitrate formats that can be used over dialup modems, to high-fidelity formats for music. It can also be used as a streaming audio format, that is played at the same time as it is downloaded. In the past, many internet radio stations used RealAudio to stream their programming over the internet in real time. In recent years, however, the format has become less common and has given way to more popular audio formats. It is used heavily by the BBC websites.The first version of RealAudio was released in 1995. As of 2008, the current version is RealAudio 10.

Mxf

Material eXchange Format (MXF) is a container format for professional digital video and MXF is a "container" or "wrapper" format which supports a number of different streams of coded "essence", encoded with any of a variety of codecs, together with a metadata wrapper which describes the material contained within the MXF file.MXF has been designed to address a number of problems with non-professional formats. MXF has full timecode and metadata support, and is intended as a platform-agnostic stable standard for future professional video and audio applications.MXF was developed to carry a subset of the Advanced Authoring Format (AAF) data model, under a policy known as the Zero Divergence Directive (ZDD). This enables MXF/AAF workflows between non-linear editing (NLE) systems using AAF and cameras, servers, and other devices using MXF.audio media defined by a set of SMPTE standards.

Pixlet

Pixlet is a video codec created by Apple and based on wavelets, designed to enable viewing of full resolution, HD movies in real time at low DV data rates. According to Apple's claims, it allows for a 20-25:1 compression ratio. Similar to DV, it does not use interframe compression, making it suitable for previewing in production and special effects studios. It is designed to be an editing codec. However, this makes it poorly suited for broadcast use, due to high bitrates.When it was introduced by Steve Jobs at Worldwide Developers Conference 2003, it was said that the codec was developed in cooperation with the animation company Pixar.A Power Macintosh with at least a 1 GHz PowerPC G4 processor is required for real time playback of High-Definition Video.Pixlet, while part of the cross-platform QuickTime, is only available on Macs running Mac OS X v10.3 or later.

Mpg

MPEG-1 is a standard for lossy compression of video and audio. It is designed to compress VHS-quality raw digital video and CD audio down to 1.5 Mbit/s (26:1 and 6:1 compression ratios respectively)[1] without excessive quality loss, making Video CDs, digital cable/satellite TV and digital audio broadcasting (DAB) possible.Today, MPEG-1 has become the most widely compatible lossy audio/video format in the world, and is used in a large number of products and technologies. Perhaps the best-known part of the MPEG-1 standard is the MP3 audio format it introduced.The MPEG-1 standard is published as ISO/IEC-11172. The standard consists of the following five Parts:

Mpeg-ps

Program stream (PS or MPEG-PS) is a container format for multiplexing digital audio, video and more. The PS format is specified in MPEG-1 Systems and MPEG-2 Part 1, Systems (ISO/IEC standard 13818-1). Program streams are created by combining one or more Packetized Elementary Streams (PES), which have a common time base, into a single stream. It is designed for reasonably reliable media such as disks, in contrast to transport stream which is for data transmission in which loss of data is likely. Program streams have variable size records and minimal use of start codes which would make over the air reception difficult, but has less overhead.Program streams are used on DVD video discs and HD DVD video discs. The file extensions are VOB and EVO respectively. Blu-ray Discs use a transport stream (TS) format with an additional 4 byte time code added to the beginning of each TS packet[1].

Mpeg-ts

Transport stream (TS, TP, MPEG-TS, or M2T) is a communications protocol for audio, video, and data. It is a type of digital container format that encapsulates packetized elementary streams and other data. TS is specified in MPEG-2 Part 1, Systems (ISO/IEC standard 13818-1).It is also known as ITU-T Rec. H.222.0. Its design goal is to allow multiplexing of digital video and audio and to synchronize the output. Transport stream offers features for error correction for transportation over unreliable media, and is used in broadcast applications such as DVB and ATSC. It is contrasted with program stream, designed for more reliable media such as DVDs.

Mpeg1

MPEG-1 is a standard for lossy compression of video and audio. It is designed to compress VHS-quality raw digital video and CD audio down to 1.5 Mbit/s (26:1 and 6:1 compression ratios respectively)[1] without excessive quality loss, making Video CDs, digital cable/satellite TV and digital audio broadcasting (DAB) possible.Today, MPEG-1 has become the most widely compatible lossy audio/video format in the world, and is used in a large number of products and technologies. Perhaps the best-known part of the MPEG-1 standard is the MP3 audio format it introduced.The MPEG-1 standard is published as ISO/IEC-11172. The standard consists of the following five Parts:Systems (storage and synchronization of video, audio, and other data together)Video (compressed video content)Audio (compressed audio content)Conformance testing (testing the correctness of implementations of the standard)Reference software (example software showing how to encode and decode according to the standard)

Mp2

MP2 began in the late 1980s as part of the ISO's Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) effort to standardize digital audio and video encoding for digital radio and TV broadcasting (DAB, DMB, DVB), and use on Video CD.The MPEG-1 audio standard was based on the existing MUSICAM and ASPEC audio formats.[3][4] The MPEG-1 standard, including the three audio "layers" (encoding techniques) now known as MP1, MP2 and MP3, was finalized by December 1991 in the committee draft of ISO-11172.[5][6] MPEG audio was further advanced through its Layer III (MP3) component, which allowed for even lower bitrates.

Mpeg2

"MPEG" redirects here. For the Motion Picture Editors Guild also known as MPEG, see Motion Picture Editors GuildThe Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) was formed by the ISO to set standards for audio and video compression and transmission.Its first meeting was in May 1988 in Ottawa, Canada. As of late 2005, MPEG has grown to include approximately 350 members per meeting from various industries, universities, and research institutions. MPEG's official designation is ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 WG11

Midi

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface, pronounced /ˈmɪdi/) is an industry-standard protocol defined in 1982[1] that enables electronic musical instruments such as keyboard controllers, computers, and other electronic equipment to communicate, control, and synchronize with each other. MIDI allows computers, synthesizers, MIDI controllers, sound cards, samplers and drum machines to control one another, and to exchange system data (acting as a raw data encapsulation method for sysex commands). MIDI does not transmit an audio signal or media — it transmits "event messages" such as the pitch and intensity of musical notes to play, control signals for parameters such as volume, vibrato and panning, cues, and clock signals to set the tempo. As an electronic protocol, it is notable for its widespread adoption throughout the industry.Note names and MIDI note numbers.All MIDI compatible controllers, musical instruments, and MIDI-compatible software follow the same MIDI 1.0 specification, and thus interpret any given MIDI message the same way, and so can communicate with and understand each other. MIDI composition and arrangement takes advantage of MIDI 1.0 and General MIDI (GM) technology to allow musical data files to be shared among many different files due to some incompatibility with various electronic instruments by using a standard, portable set of commands and parameters. Because the music is simply data rather than recorded audio waveforms, the data size of the files is quite small by comparison.

Indeo

Indeo Video (commonly known now simply as "Indeo") is a video codec developed by Intel in 1992. It was sold to Ligos Corporation in 2000. While its original version was related to Intel's DVI video stream format, a hardware-only codec for the compression of television-quality video onto compact disks, Indeo was distinguished by being one of the first codecs allowing full-speed video playback without using hardware acceleration.During the development of what became the Pentium microprocessor, Intel's Architecture Lab implemented one of the first, and at the time highest-quality, software-only video codecs, which was marketed as "Indeo Video". At its public introduction, it was the only video codec supported in both the Microsoft (Video for Windows) and Apple Computer's QuickTime software environments, as well as by IBM's software systems of the day.The original Indeo codec was highly asymmetrical, meaning that it took much more computation to encode a video stream than to decode it. Intel's ProShare video conferencing system took advantage of this, using hardware acceleration to encode the stream (and thus requiring an add-in card), but allowing the stream to be displayed on any personal computer.Intel produced several different versions of the codec between 1993 and 2000, when it was sold to Ligos, based on very different underlying mathematics and having different features. Indeo Video Interactive, a wavelet-based codec[1] that included novel features such as chroma-keyed transparency and hot spot support, was aimed at video game developers.Though Indeo saw significant usage in the mid-1990s, it remained proprietary. Intel slowed development and stopped active marketing, and it was quickly surpassed in popularity by the rise of MPEG codecs and others, as processors became more powerful and its optimization for Intel's chips less important. Indeo still sees some use in video game cutscene videos.Official Indeo 5 decoders exist for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS Classic, BeOS R5 and the XAnim player on Unix. Version 5.11 is shareware and may be used on all versions of Windows except for Vista. Version 5.2 has been created for Vista and is available to buy from the official website. This includes support for Indeo versions 4.5 and 5, as well as the Intel Audio 2.5 codecs. Versions 2 and 3 have decoders in FFmpeg. Indeo version 4 and 5 are not supported by any open source decoders.

Matroska

The Matroska Multimedia Container is an open standard free container format, a file format that can hold an unlimited number of video, audio, picture or subtitle tracks inside a single file.[1] It is intended to serve as a universal format for storing common multimedia content, like movies or TV shows. Matroska is similar in conception to other containers like AVI, MP4 or ASF, but is entirely open in specification, with implementations consisting mostly of open source software. Matroska file types are .MKV for video (with subtitles and audio), .MKA for audio-only files and .MKS for subtitles only. The most common use of .MKV files is to store HD video files.Matroska is an English word derived from the Russian word matryoshka IPA: which means nesting doll (the common Russian egg-shaped doll within a doll). This is a play on the container (media within a form of media/doll within a doll) aspect of the matryoshka as it is a container for visual and audio data. The transliteration may be confusing for Russian speakers, as the Russian word matroska actually refers to a sailor suit.

Flv

Flash Video is a file format used to deliver video over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player (initially produced by Macromedia) versions 6–10. Flash Video content may also be embedded within SWF files.The format has quickly established itself as the format of choice for embedded video on the web. Notable users of the Flash Video format include YouTube, Google Video, Yahoo! Video, metacafe, Reuters.com, and many other news providers. The standards documentation for BBC Online deprecates the use of other formats previously in use on its sites[1] such as RealVideo or WMV.Though the Flash Video container format itself is open, the codecs used with it are patented. Flash Video files usually contain material encoded with codecs following the H.263 or VP6 standards. The most recent public releases of Flash Player also support H.264 video and HE-AAC audio.Flash Video is viewable on most operating systems, via the widely available Adobe Flash Player and web browser plugin, or one of several third-party programs such as MPlayer, VLC media player, or any player which uses DirectShow filters (such as ALLPlayer, Media Player Classic, Windows Media Player, and Windows Media Center) when the ffdshow filter is installed.

Gxf

General eXchange Format (GXF), is a file exchange format for the transfer of simple and compound clips between television program storage systems. It is a container format that can contain Motion JPEG (MJPEG), MPEG, or DV-based video compression standards, with associated audio, time code, and user data that may include user-defined metadata.Originally GXF was developed by Grass Valley Group, then standardized by SMPTE as SMPTE 360M [1], and was extended in SMPTE RDD 14-2007 to include high-definition video resolutions.GXF has a fairly simple data model compared with SMPTE MXF container format. SMPTE RDD 14-2007 is only 57 pages long, compared with many hundreds of pages for the MXF standards.The FFmpeg multimedia converter and VLC Media Player free video player support GXF.

Dmx

Earl Simmons (born December 18, 1970), better known by his stage name DMX, is an American entertainer who rose to fame in the late 1990s. His stage name stands for Dark Man X, the name he used when he first started rapping in 1990. To date, his best-selling album was his 1999 album And Then There Was X, which featured the hit single "Party Up (Up in Here)". As an actor, he also starred in the films Belly, Exit Wounds, Cradle 2 The Grave, Romeo Must Die and Last Hour, and his own reality television series Soul of a Man on the American cable television network BET. In 2002, DMX wrote an autobiographical book titled E.A.R.L.: The Autobiography of DMX. He also has an extensive arrest record.[1] He has sold over 28 million albums worldwide.

Dpx

Digital Picture Exchange (DPX) is a common file format for digital intermediate and visual effects work and is an ANSI/SMPTE standard (268M-2003). The file format is most commonly used to represent the density of each colour channel of a scanned negative in a 10-bit log format where the gamma of the original camera negative is preserved as taken by a film scanner. Other common video formats are also supported. DPX provides a great deal of flexibility in storing color and other information for exchange between production facilities. Multiple forms of packing and alignment are possible.The DPX file format was originally derived from the output file format (.cin) of the Kodak Cineon 'FIDO' film scanner, and has been published by SMPTE as ANSI/SMPTE 268M-2003 (originally was version 1 268M-1994).

Dirac

Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, OM, FRS (8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was a British theoretical physicist. Dirac made fundamental contributions to the early development of both quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. He held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge and spent the last fourteen years of his life at Florida State University. Among other discoveries, he formulated the Dirac equation, which describes the behaviour of fermions and which led to the prediction of the existence of antimatter. Dirac shared the Nobel Prize in physics for 1933 with Erwin Schrödinger, "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory."

Dmf

DivX 6 expanded the scope of DivX from including just a codec and a player by adding a media container format. This optional new file format introduced with DivX 6 is called "DivX Media Format" ("DMF") (with a .divx extension) that includes support for the following DVD-Video and VOB container like features.DivX Media Format (DMF) features:Interactive video menusMultiple subtitles (XSUB)Multiple audio tracksMultiple video streams (for special features like bonus/extra content, just like on DVD-Video movies)Chapter pointsOther metadata (XTAG)Multiple formatPartial backwards compatibility with AVIThis new "DivX Media Format" also came with a "DivX Ultra Certified" profile, and all "Ultra" certified players must support all "DivX Media Format" features. While video encoded with the DivX codec is an MPEG-4 video stream, the DivX Media Format is analogous to media container formats such as Apple's QuickTime. In much the same way that media formats such as DVD specify MPEG-2 video as a part of their specification, the DivX Media Format specifies MPEG-4-compatible video as a part of its specification. However, despite the use of the ".divx" extension, this format is an extension to the AVI file format. The methods of including multiple audio and even subtitle tracks involve storing the data in RIFF headers and other such AVI hacks which have been known for quite a while, such that even VirtualDubMod supports them. DivX, Inc. did this on purpose to keep at least partial backwards compatibility with AVI, so that players that do not support the new features available to the .divx container format (like interactive menus, chapter points and XSUB subtitles) can at least play that primary video stream (usually the main movie if the DMF file contains multiple video streams like special features like bonus materials). Of course, the DivX codec and tools like Dr.DivX still support the traditional method of creating standard AVI files.DivX Subtitles (XSUB)

Bink

Bink is a proprietary video file format (extension .bik) developed by RAD Game Tools and used primarily in computer games. It has been used in many games for Mac OS, Windows, Xbox 360, Xbox, GameCube, Wii, Playstation 3, PlayStation 2, Nintendo DS, and Sony PSP. The format includes its own video and audio codecs, supporting resolutions from 320×240 all the way up to high definition (HD) video. It is bundled as part of the RAD Video Tools along with RAD Game Tools' previous video codec, Smacker video. It is a hybrid block-transform and wavelet codec capable of using 16 different encoding techniques allowing it to compress any type of video. The codec places emphasis on lower decoding requirements over other video codecs with specific optimizations for the different computer game consoles it supports.

Bxf

SMPTE's S22-10 Working Group, chaired by Chris Lennon of Harris Corporation, is responsible for the creation of BXF. The working group has enjoyed the active participation of representatives of over 70 organizations. SMPTE-2021 is expected to replace hundreds of proprietary batch and file-oriented interfaces currently in use.BXF provides many advantages to users, among them:- A single method of exchanging data among systems such as Program Management, Traffic, Automation, and Content Distribution- Support for file and message based (dynamic) data exchange- Increased integration of related systems- Extended metadata set for data exchange

Dat

This is a list of file formats organized by type, as can be found on computers. Filename extensions are usually noted in parentheses if they differ from the format name or abbreviation. In theory, using the English alphabet (A–Z) and a three character extension, the number of combinations amounts to 17,576 (26³). If other acceptable characters are included, the maximum number of combinations is 195,112 (26+31)³. Unix-like systems don't have extensions, and Microsoft Windows NT, 95, 98, and Me don't have a three character limit on extensions for 32-bit or 64-bit applications on file systems other than pre-Windows 95/Windows NT 3.5 versions of the FAT file system, so some file system types are given extensions longer than three characters.

Beep media file

The Beep Media Player (BMP) was a free audio player, based on the XMMS multimedia player. The lead developer was Milosz “deadchip” Derezynski[1]. The BMP is mainly a port of XMMS to GTK+ 2 and, as such, integrates better with the look and feel of more recent versions of GNOME, Xfce, and, if using the GTK-QT theme engine for KDE, KDE desktop environments. Like XMMS, BMP looks like Winamp and even supports Winamp and XMMS skins. BMP supports most of the audio file formats supported by XMMS, since the main difference between the plug-ins used in both players is the graphical widget toolkit used for 'About' and configuration dialog boxes. However, BMP cannot directly use XMMS plugins because of the differences in GTK versions--XMMS plug-ins requiring configuration will crash because some GTK 1.x symbols clash with the ones in GTK 2.x, so plug-ins have to be ported to GTK 2.x in order to compile. XMMS plug-ins that have already been compiled may work if copied to BMP's plug-in directory; however, this is unsupported, and any dialog boxes created by the plug-ins will probably make BMP segfault.

AVI media file

Audio Video Interleave, known by its acronym AVI, is a multimedia container format introduced by Microsoft in November 1992 as part of its Video for Windows technology. AVI files can contain both audio and video data in a file container that allows synchronous audio-with-video playback. Like the DVD video format, AVI files support multiple streaming audio and video, although these features are seldom used. Most AVI files also use the file format extensions developed by the Matrox OpenDML group in February 1996. These files are supported by Microsoft, and are unofficially called "AVI 2.0".

AMV media file

Advanced Systems Format (formerly Advanced Streaming Format, Active Streaming Format) is Microsoft's proprietary digital audio/digital video container format, especially meant for streaming media. ASF is part of the Windows Media framework.ASF is based on serialized objects which are essentially byte sequences identified by a GUID marker.The format does not specify how (i.e. with which codec) the video or audio should be encoded; it just specifies the structure of the video/audio stream. This is similar to the function performed by the QuickTime, AVI, or Ogg container formats. One of the objectives of ASF was to support playback from digital media servers, HTTP servers, and local storage devices such as hard disk drives.The most common filetypes contained within an ASF file are Windows Media Audio (WMA) and Windows Media Video (WMV). Note that the file extension abbreviations are different from the codecs which have the same name. Files containing only WMA audio can be named using a .WMA extension, and files of audio and video content may have the extension .WMV. Both may use the .ASF extension if desired.ASF files can also contain objects representing metadata, such as the artist, title, album and genre for an audio track, or the director of a video track, much like the ID3 tags of MP3 files. It supports scalable media types and stream prioritization; as such, it is a format optimized for streaming.The ASF container provides the framework for digital rights management in Windows Media Audio and Windows Media Video. An analysis of an older scheme used in WMA reveals that it is using a combination of elliptic curve cryptography key exchange, DES block cipher, a custom block cipher, RC4 stream cipher and the SHA-1 hashing function.

AIFF media file

Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) is an audio file format standard used for storing sound data for personal computers and other electronic audio devices. The format was co-developed by Apple Computer in 1988 [1] based on Electronic Arts' Interchange File Format (IFF, widely used on Amiga systems) and is most commonly used on Apple Macintosh computer systems.The audio data in a standard AIFF file is uncompressed pulse-code modulation (PCM). There is also a compressed variant of AIFF known as AIFF-C or AIFC, with various defined compression codecs.Standard AIFF is a leading format (along with SDII and WAV) used by professional-level audio and video applications, and unlike the better-known lossy MP3 format, it is non-compressed (which aids rapid streaming of multiple audio files from disk to the application), and lossless. Like any non-compressed, lossless format, it uses much more disk space than MP3 -- about 10MB for one minute of stereo audio at a sample rate of 44.1kHz and a sample size of 16 bits. In addition to audio data, AIFF can include loop point data and the musical note of a sample, for use by hardware samplers and musical applications.The file extension for the standard AIFF format is .aiff or .aif. For the compressed variants it is supposed to be .aifc, but .aiff or .aif are accepted as well by audio applications supporting the format.

AVS media file

Development of AVS was initiated by the government of the People's Republic of China. Commercial success of the AVS standard would not only reduce China's royalty/licensing payments to foreign companies, it would presumably earn China's electronics industry recognition among the more established industries of the developed world, where China is still seen as an outlet for mass production with limited indigenous design capability.In January 2005, the AVS workgroup submitted their draft report to the Information Industry Department (IID). On March 30, 2005, the first trial by the IID approved the video portion of the draft standard for a public showing time.The dominant audio/video compression codecs, MPEG and VCEG, enjoy widespread use in consumer digital media devices, such as DVD players. Their usage requires Chinese manufacturers to pay substantial royalty fees to the mostly-foreign companies that hold patents on technology in those standards. For example, as of 2006, licenses ranging from $2.50 to $4 already make up about ten percent of the cost for a contract-manufactured DVD player unit.According to the state-run media, a key consideration of AVS was to reduce foreign dependence on core intellectual properties used in digital media technology. Proposed as a national standard in 2004, AVS had a targeted royalty of 1 RMB (or about $0.10 USD) per player. On 30 April 2005, AVS standard video officially passed the public show and became the national standard.AVS is currently expected to be approved for the Chinese high-definition successor to the Enhanced Versatile Disc.Open source implementations of an AVS video decoder can be found in the OpenAVS project and within the libavcodec library. The latter is integrated in some free video players like MPlayer, VLC or xine. xAVS is also an open source AVS encoder with a working decoder.China's proposed high-definition video disc format, known as CBHD (China Blue High-Definition), will include support for AVS.

CJ7

Michael Clayton (George Clooney) is an in-house "fixer" at one of the largest corporate law firms in New York. A former criminal prosecutor, Clayton takes care of Kenner, Bach &
Ledeen's dirtiest work at the behest of the firm's co-founder Marty Bach (Sydney Pollack). Though burned out and hardly content with his job as a fixer, his divorce, a failed business venture and mounting debt left clayton inextricably tied to the firm.

The Bank Job

Inspired by the infamous 1971 robbery that took place at the Lloyds Bank in Marylebone London, LIONSGATE's THE BANK JOB stars Jason statham (Transpoter, Snatch, Crank, The Italian Job) and saffron Burrows (KLIMT, ENIGMA). The highly-charged heist thriller tautly interweaves high-level corruption, murder and sexual scandal in 1970s England.

THE DAY THE EARTH STOOD STILL

While lying on the ground, Klaatu orders Gort to stop, and is then taken by the military to a hospital from which he later escapes in order to learn more about this planet called Earth and its human inhabitants. he meets Helen Benson (Patrica Neal) and her son Billy (Billy Gray); takes klaatu on a tour of Washington, DC; and finally stops in front of the Lincoln Memorial.Klaatu reads the words uttered by Lincoln many years ago andrealizes that there

might be hope for Earth While lying by the military to a hospital from which he later escapes in order to learn more about this planet called Earth and its inhabita

THE DAY THE EARTH STOPPED

Hundreds of massive intergalactic robots apear in all of the world's major capitals with an ultimatum: Prove value of human civilization or be destroyed Gort to stop, and is then taken by the military to a hospital from which he later escapes in order to learn more about this planet called Earth and its human inhabitants. He meets Helen Benson (Patricia Neal) and her son Billy (Billy Gray); takes Klaatu on a tour of Washington, DC; and finally stops in from of the Lincoln Memorial. Klaatu reads the words uttered by Lincoln.

PULSE 3

Seven years into the invasion, humankind has fled the cities where billions have died from a plague spread through the internet. JUSTINE (17) dreams of a life beyond her squalid refugee camp where all technology is taboo. She discovers the last working laptop and opens it like Pandora's Box. Someone is waiting for her online. And that someone wants desperately to meet her. The only catch, she must return to the city. With a longing that surpasses fear, Justine embarks ona terrifying journey back to the heart of where it all began Seven years into the invasion, humankind has fled the cities where billions have died from a plague spread through the internet.

TRANSPORTER 3

Frank Martin puts the driving gloves on to deliver Valentina, the kidnapped daughter of a Ukranian government official, from Marseills to Odessa on the Black Sea. En route, he has to contend with thugs who want to intercept Valentina's safe delivery and not let his personal feelings get in the way of his dangerous objective. Frank Martin puts the driving gloves on to deliver Valentina, the kidnapped daughter of a Ukranian government official, from Marseilles to Odessa on the Black Sea. En route, he has to contend with thugs who want to intercept Valentina's safe delivery and not let his personal feelings get in way of his dangerous objective.

DIRECT CONTACT

Mike riggins, an imprisonned ex-US special forces opreative in Eastern Europe, is offered his freedom and money to rescue an American woman, Ana Gale, who has been kidnapped by a ruthless warlord. But, shortly freeing her, Mike discovers that the kidnap story was just a ruse to bring Ana out into the open. Our hero suddenly finds himself and his charge being hunted by ruthless gvernment, Para-military, and underworld organizations - all who want him dead and Ana under their control. With no one to turn to, and the enemies closing in, Mike must uncover the truth about Ana bring her to the safety of the U.S Embassy.

GHULAM-E-MUSTHAFA

At the behest of Mahesh Verma, Shanta Prasad alias Abba, recruits Ghulam-E-Musthafa, a gangster and hit-man to carry out their nefarious activities. When Dayanand Dixit refuses to sell his property to Verma, Ghulam is asked to move into their house, live with them, and eventually force them to leave. Dayanand and his wife, Bhagyalaxmi, are shocked at this and initially cannot accept a Muslim male.

YESHWANT

Born in an orphange Yeshwant lives a middle-class lifestyle in Mumbai, India, along with his wife, Ragini. He works as a Police Inspector while Ragini is an I.A.S. student. Yeshwant's honesty and diligence only gets him suspended with half-pay, and he has his lawyer friend, Vikram,assist him. Even while the Enquiry Commission is investigating his conduct, he is arrested by Inspector Joshi.

KOHRAM

Major balbir Singh Sodhi (Amitabh Bachchan) attempts to kill the Indian Home Minister Veer Bhadra Singh (Danny Denzongpa) but is unsuccessful. He has been identified, and the army is on the look-out for him to court-martial him. They suspect that he has assumed a new identity, that of Devraj Hathoda alias Dadabhai. Major Ajit Arya (Nana Patekar) is assigned the task to investigate this.

ROCKY BALBOA

"Rocky Balboa" is the next story in the saga of Philadelphia boxer Rocky Balboa, one of Hollywood's most beloved characters. In the film, Rocky has long since retired but is drawn back to the boxing ring one last time. On the way he is challenged by a powerful new champion, by personal tragedy and ultimately by himself. Rocky has long since retired.

GET SMART

Maxwell smart (steve Carell) is on a mission to thwart the latest plot for world domination by the evil crime syndicate known as KAOS. when the headquarters of U.S. spy agency Control is attacked and the identities of its agents compromised, the Cheif (Alan Arkin ) has no choice but to promote his ever-eager analyst Maxwell Smart, who has always dreamt of working in the field alongside stalwart super-star Agent 23 (Dwayne Johnson). Smart is partnered instead with the lovely-but-lethal veteran Agent 99 (Anne Hathaway). Given little field experience and even less time, Smart-armed with nothing but a few spy-tech gadgets and his unbridled enthusiasm--must thwart the doomsday plans of KAOS head siegfried(Terance Stamp).

VAN HELSHING

Count Dracula, Frankenstein's monster, the Wolf Man, and other evil creatures conspire to wipe out humanity in this horror story set in 19th-century London, Rome, Paris, and Transylvania. Hugh jackman plays Van Helsing, a monster killer who works for a secret society that sends him to fight Dracula with the help of Anna Valerious (Kate Beckinsale), a woman whose family is suffering under an age-old curse that can only be broken.

QUEEN OF THE DAMNED

It's her time. Her place. The wickedly regal Mother of all Vampires is ready again to rule! Aaliyah plays the title role in this stylish shocker based on Anne Rice's The Vampires Chronicles. Stuart Townsend portrays Lestat, the undead antihero Previously seen in the movie version of Anne Rice's Interview with the Vampire.

UNDER WORLD EVOLUTION

This movie continues the saga of war between the Death Dealers (Vampires) and the Lycans (Werewolves). The film traces the beginnings of the ancient feud between the two tribes as Selene ( Kate Beckinsale) and Michael (Scott Speedman), the Lycan hybrid, try to discover the secrets of their Unerworld.